![]() The king and the rook have not been moved yet.Castling can be done only if all of these conditions are fulfilled: Then the rook is moved over the king onto the square that the king jumped over. The king moves from its starting position two squares horizontally towards its own rook which has not been moved yet. ![]() Nonetheless, it counts as a move of the king. The king can move in any direction (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally) onto a neighbor square that is not threatened by any piece of the opponent.Ĭastling is a special move that allows a player to move two pieces in one turn: the king and one rook. In the basic setup, the white king stands on the square e1 and the black king stands on the square e8. This means that a queen has the union of movement possibilities of a rook and a bishop. However, they always have to move straight, the directions cannot be combined in a single move. Queens may move over any number of unoccupied squares in any direction - horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. "Queen gets her color" rule holds, thus white queen starts on a white square, black queen starts on a black square. In the basic setup, the queen stands next to the king. In the basic setup, rooks are located in the corners of the chessboard.Ī rook can move over arbitrary number of unoccupied squares horizontally or vertically, i.e., in the row or in the column where it stands. Bishops that start on white squares move only over white squares throughout the game black bishops likewise. They can always move in one direction over any number of unoccupied squares. In the basic setup, knights are located in columns c and f of rows 1 and 8.īishops move diagonally. Simply said, the movement has an L-shape. Knight may jump over own and opponent's pieces at the squares it passes. In the diagonal part of the move, the piece must go away from its previous location, not back towards it. This piece moves one square vertically or horizontally and continues in motion one square diagonally. In the basic setup, knights are located in columns b and g of rows 1 and 8. This move must be done in an immediate response to the opponent's move two squares forward. Such pawn is allowed to capture the opponent's pawn as if it was only moved one square forward. Additionally to these moves, a pawn can capture an opponent's piece if such piece stands one square diagonally ahead of the pawn (e.g., from b2 to c3, or from b2 to a3).Ĭapturing en passant This is a special move that is available to pawns that threaten the square that an opponent's pawn passed when moving two squares ahead from its starting position. These straight-forward moves require that the target square is empty, the same holds for the passed square if the pawn moves by two squares. After leaving the starting square, pawns can only move one square forward. Such move keeps the pawn in the starting column (e.g., move from b2 to b3, or from b2 to b4). If a pawn moves from the square where it stood at the beginning of the game, it can be moved either one or two squares forward, as the player decides. This piece can only move forward, i.e., from the basic setup towards the other end of the chessboard. In the basic setup, pawns are located in the second and seventh row. Piece types and their movesĮach color has six types of pieces, which differ by their movement options. Pieces are not allowed to pass over occupied squares, except for knights (anytime) and rooks during castling. ![]() There is a special move called castling that allows two pieces to be moved in one turn (see below). This square is black, colors of other squares alternate regularly in vertical as well as in horizontal direction.Įach move means moving one own piece onto a square that is either empty or occupied by an opponent's piece (in this case, the opponent's piece is removed from the board). ![]() Square a1 is in the lower left corner from the white player's perspective. Nonetheless, all squares can be used by both players. Just like the pieces, the chessboard squares are white and black. The basic setup of the pieces is defined as follows: The game is played on a board with dimensions of 8 by 8. Players take turns making a single move at a time. The game is started by the player with white pieces. At the beginning, each player has 16 pieces of one color - white or black. ![]()
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